Author:

Aditya Roy
Independent Research Scholar
Department of History
Rabindra Bharati University
Kolkata,West Bengal,India

Email: royaditya702@gmail.com

Abstract::This paper examines the nature and transformation of the caste system in North Bengal with particular emphasis on Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST), who constitute a significant proportion of the population. Drawing upon secondary data such as Census reports, government documents, and scholarly studies, the analysis highlights the socio-economic conditions, cultural identities, and spatial distribution of SC and ST communities across districts like Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar, Cooch Behar, and the Dinajpurs. The study finds that while SC communities are largely engaged in agrarian occupations, ST populations are predominantly concentrated in tea plantations and forested regions, often facing economic vulnerability and limited access to basic services. The paper also explores the impact of colonial policies, particularly the plantation economy, in restructuring demographic patterns and reinforcing marginalization. Post-independence affirmative action and welfare measures have improved access to education and political representation; however, disparities in income, literacy, and health outcomes persist. The persistence of identity-based movements further reflects ongoing struggles for recognition and rights.

Key Words::Caste System,Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),Tribal Communities etc.